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Jumat, 08 Mei 2015

Adjective Clause

Pengertian Adjective Clause

Adjective clause atau relative clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai adjective dan menjelaskan noun atau pronoun pada main clause dari suatu complex sentence (kalimat yang terdiri dari independent clause dan satu atau lebih dependent clause).
Posisi adjective clause selalu mengikuti noun atau pronoun yang diterangkannya. Di dalam kalimat, noun atau pronoun itu berfungsi sebagai subject atau object. Adjective clause dimulai dengan suatu kata yang disebut relative pronoun (who, whom, that, which, whose, etc) yang berfungsi menjembatani hubungan dengan noun atau pronoun yang diterangkannya.

Contoh Adjective Clause pada Complex Sentence:

Simple SentenceComplex SentenceKeterangan
The book is interesting.The book that he has read is interesting.The book: noun (phrase), that: relative pronoun, that he has read: adjective clause yang menjelaskan the book. Merupakan klausa karena terdiri dari subject (he) dan verb (has read) dan merupakan adjective clause karena menjelaskan noun.

Rumus Adjective Clause

Complex Sentence:

Independent Clause + Adjective Clause

Adjective Clause:

Relative Pronoun +/- S*+V
Keterangan: *Relative pronoun (who, which, that) dapat berfungsi sebagai subject jika tidak ada subject.

Fungsi Relative Pronoun pada Adjective Clause

Beberapa fungsi relative pronoun di dalam adjective clause.
FungsiRelative PronounContoh Adjective ClausePembuktian
Subjectwho, that, whichthat was made of cheddar cheese.coba substitusi dengan “It” (subjective personal pronoun)
Object*whom, that, which, whowhich I want to buycoba substitusi dengan “it” (objective personal pronoun)
Possessivewhosewhose house has burned downcoba substitusi dengan “his” (possessive personal pronoun)
*Dapat dihilangkan pada defining relative clause.

Punctuation (Tanda Baca) pada Adjective Clause

Saat menerangkan subject, posisi adjective clause akan berada di tengah kalimat. Klausa tersebut dapat diapit koma ataupun tidak, tergantung pada penting atau tidaknya informasi yang dibawanya. Informasi tersebut dinilai penting (essential/restrictive) jika akan mengubah makna kalimat jika dihilangkan. Pada situasi tersebut, koma tidak digunakan. Klausa yang membawa informasi penting tersebut dinamakan defining clause. Sebaliknya, jika informasi tidak penting (non-essential/non-restrictive) sehingga dapat dihilangkan tanpa merubah makna kalimat, maka koma perlu digunakan. Klausa yang membawa informasi tidak penting tersebut dinamakan non-defining clause.

Contoh Complex Sentence:

  • Essential: People who chew well may have healthy digestion.
  • Non-essential: Yulia, who works out three times a week, has a positive body image.

Contoh Kalimat Adjective Clause

Berikut beberapa contoh kalimat adjective clause.
Relative PronounContoh Kalimat Adjective ClauseKeterangan
whoHe is the man who works hard to support their daily needs.
(Dia pria yang bekerja keras untuk menanggung kebutuhan sehari-hari mereka.)
menerangkan “man” (subject complement)
whomThe woman whom you saw last night is my sister.
(Wanita yang kamu lihat tadi malam adalah saudara saya.)
menerangkan “woman” (subject kalimat)
whoseThe man, whose car is antique, works as a lecturer.
(The man yang punya mobil antik itu bekerja sebagai dosen.)
menerangkan “man” (subject kalimat)
whichMueeza, which is very faithful, is my cat.
(Mueeza, yang sangat setia, adalah kucing saya.)
menerangkan “Mueeza” (subject kalimat)
where (relative adverb)Bandar Lampung is a city where I was born.
(Bandar Lampung adalah kota dimana saya dilahirkan.)
menerangkan “city” (subject complement)
thatIt is the car that I have dreamed for many years ago.
(Ini mobil yang telah saya impikan sejak beberapa tahun yang lalu.)
menerangkan “car”
(subject complement)

 Sumber : http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-adjective-clause

Present Perfect Tense

Pengertian Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu aksi atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang atau telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu namun efeknya masih berlanjut.

Rumus Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb “have” atau “has”, dan past participle (verb-3). Have digunakan untuk I, you, they, we, sedangkan has untuk he, she, it, dan orang ketiga tunggal. Sedangkan past participle dapat berupa regular atau irregular verb.  
Dengan demikian rumus present perfect tense untuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif adalah sebagai berikut.

Dengan demikian rumus present perfect tense untuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif adalah sebagai berikut.
KalimatRumusContoh Present Perfect Tense
positif
(+)
S + aux. verb(have/has) + V-3/past participleI have read the book
He has left
negatif
(-)
S + aux. verb(have/has) + not + V-3/past participleI have not read the book
He hasn’t left
interogatif
(?)
aux. verb(have/has) + S + V-3/past participleHave I read the book
Has he left

Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense

Berikut beberapa contoh kalimat present perfect tense dengan fungsi-fungsinya.
FungsiContoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense untuk mengungkapkan kejadian di masa lalu tanpa peduli kapan tepatnya terjadi.Can you recommend the most delicious seafood restaurant in this town? Yes, I’ve visited all of them.
(Dapatkah kamu merekomendasikan restoran seafood paling lezat di kota ini? Ya, saya telah mengunjungi semuanya.)
I’ve read this book.
(Saya sudah membaca buku ini.)
Present perfect tense untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu aksi terjadi berulang kali dimasa lampau (adverb of number dapat digunakan).She has called you three times.
(Dia sudah meneleponmu tiga kali.)
Present perfect tense untuk mengungkapkan aktivitas atau situasi yang dimulai pada masa lampau kemudian dilanjutkan sampai sekarang (belum selesai).I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months.
(Saya telah tinggal di Cilegon selama 3 bulan.)
She has studied in French since April.
(Saya telah sekolah di Perancis sejak bulan April.)
My brother has worked already/lately/ up to now.
(Saudaraku sudah bekerja sampai sekarang.)
Present perfect tense untuk membicarakan event yang baru saja terjadi (adverb “just” dapat digunakan).I’ve just sent you an email.
(Saya baru saja mengirimkan kamu email.)
The rain’s just stopped.
(Hujan baru saja berhenti.)
[the rain’s = the rain has; lihat contraction & apostrophe]

Sumber : http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-present-perfect-tense

Selasa, 30 Desember 2014

Letter 5 : Business Opportunities for Students

Lately young people as many students who want to plunge into the world of business. Creativity and ideas - a brilliant business ideas are emerging from their average - average still young. Some young entrepreneurs who was a student has demonstrated their success in proving their independence.

But that is a pity, not all students have the same confidence and courage to try the business opportunities that exist. There are still a lot of students who prefer working partime as employees direstoran, cafe or follow the event - a specific event that requires employees rather than trying to run a business. They still think that running a business would disrupt the lecture is being taken. When in fact many side business that can be run without disturbing the students that they are following the lecture schedule.

Additionally kepikiran with schedules collide, the students also always use the excuse not to have huge capital to run their business. Actually, a lot of business opportunities that do not require capital sideline great, here are some examples of business opportunities for students to try co - who is looking for a business:

1. Business language translation services
For students who have language skills can try translation services business both online and offline. Translation services are still much sought other fellow students in doing the lecture. You can start this business environments ranging from fellow students.

2. Online Business
One business that can try the students are online business opportunities. Because this business is not capital intensive, as it only requires a laptop or computer and the internet that has become part of the student. In addition, online businesses also have flexible working time, they can run the business after coming home from college.

3. Business electrical pulses
Business electrical pulses are also often used as a side business students. This is evidenced by the number of pulses conter walk among the students, just by using the chips they've been able to serve the demand balance for all providers. This business also has good prospects, because of the high demand for pulse is derived from the young people including students.

4. Business in accordance with the hobby
From hobbyists who occupied the students it can also generate profits if taken seriously into a business. For example, many female students who like to be creative with knick - knacks and accessories for women to seriously pursue his hobby to create a boutique accessories. Another example is for the students majoring in electronics that have a hobby tooling - tweaking electronic repair tool, can at it by opening the service business service electronic device. In addition to the business example above, there are many business opportunities for students who can run.

key to Success
Things to remember the students when they try a business is serious in business. Before you run a business you want, you should specify the division between lecture schedule with running a business. So the business that you run not only taken seriously when free time alone.

After finding the division schedule is right for you and your business will be run, you should select business opportunities that match your interests or talents. So you can enjoy your field of business and do not feel obtain additional burden of the business. Look for information on all things concerned with the areas of the business to be run, from the equipment needed, much capital should be prepared, and specify the target market of your business.

Many businesses can be run co - which still existed as a student, hopefully with some examples of businesses that have been discussed can be used as a business idea for students. It is time that young people who began to work with his efforts. Good luck and greetings successful.

Letter 4 : The origin of a Tempe

          Unlike other traditional soy foods which usually comes from China or Japan, tempeh originated from Indonesia. It is unclear when making tempeh begins. However, this traditional food has been known since centuries ago, especially in the Java community order food culture, especially in Yogyakarta and Surakarta. In chapter 3 and chapter 12 manuscripts Fiber Centhini with Java settings of the 16th century (Fiber Centhini itself was written in the early 19th century) has found the word "tempeh", for example, with the mention of the name of the dish jae Santen tempeh (a type of tempeh dishes with coconut milk) and kadhele srundengan tempeh. This and other available historical records indicate that it may at first be produced from black soybean tempeh, derived from the traditional rural communities of Java-may be developed in the area of Mataram, Central Java, and developed before the 16th century.

                The word "tempe" probably derived from the Old Javanese language. In the days of ancient Javanese are white foods made from corn starch called tumpi. Tempe fresh white also appear to have in common with the tumpi food.
In addition, there are references to the tempeh from 1875 in a dictionary Javanese-Belanda.Sumber Others say that making tempeh begins during the era of the Cultivation in Java. At that time, the Java community was forced to use the results of the yard, such as cassava, yams and soybeans, as a source of food. In addition, there is also the notion that tempeh may be introduced by Chinese people who produce such foods, namely soybean koji fermented using Aspergillus. Furthermore, the technique of making tempeh spread throughout Indonesia, in line with the deployment of the Java community that migrated to all parts of the country.